Tumescent liposuction is considered by many cosmetic surgeons and patients to be the safest and most effective form of liposuction surgery. The use of larger amounts of local anesthetic not only reduces pain after surgery, but also reduces bleeding, swelling, skin irregularities and makes the entire procedure more successful.
The term "tumescent" means swollen and firm,
which is how this technique prepares the fatty tissue for removal. A solution of lidocaine (a local anesthetic)
is injected into the fatty area along with a solution to constrict the blood vessels
(typically epinephrine). The lidocaine is absorbed by the fatty tissue and causes
the tissues to become swollen and firm. A large area of fatty tissue can be numbed
using this technique, allowing for significant removal of unwanted fat while the
patient is under local anesthesia.
In the first step of tumescent liposuction, a large dose of liquid (composed primarily of lidocaine, a local anesthetic, and epinephrine, which helps to shrink blood vessels) is injected into the part of the body being treated. The added fluid forces the compartments of fat to swell and firm up, which lets the doctor extract the unwanted fat more smoothly and with minimal bleeding.
Tumescent liposuction can significantly reduce some of the unpleasant side effects of other techniques. Because the anesthetic solution temporarily reduces the size of the capillaries, it can significantly reduce blood loss during surgery and the pain, bruising, and swelling that occurs afterward. And because tumescent liposuction provides local anesthesia, patients can avoid the side effects of general anesthesia, such as vomiting, nausea, heart abnormalities, breathing complications, airway injury, significant blood loss and prolonged recovery time.
After tumescent liposuction, the area of the liposuction procedure may stay numb for 36 hours without further injection of lidocaine or other pain killers.